MPL-B430P-HK74AA Low-Inertia Servo Motor — Detailed Product Introduction, Specifications, Applications, Advantages and Model Recommendations
Below is a fully organized English version focused on the MPL-B430P-HK74AA. I have kept the wording technical but natural, with emphasis on practical product information rather than overly promotional language.
Brand: Allen-Bradley
Product Family: MP-Series
Product Series: MPL Low-Inertia Brushless Servo Motors
Model: MPL-B430P-HK74AA
Product Type: AC Rotary Servo Motor
Performance Class: 460 V / 480 V class, 5000 rpm, low-inertia servo motor
1. Product Overview
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA is a low-inertia brushless AC rotary servo motor designed for industrial motion-control equipment requiring fast acceleration, controlled deceleration, accurate positioning and repeatable operation.
It belongs to the MP-Series MPL low-inertia servo motor family and uses a permanent-magnet servo motor construction. The motor is designed to operate as part of a closed-loop servo system, where the motor, feedback device, servo drive and motion controller work together to control speed, position and torque.
The motor has a 115 mm frame size and a 76.2 mm magnetic stack length. It is rated for approximately 5000 rpm, making it suitable for applications where relatively high rotational speed and dynamic response are important.
The model uses a 2000-line incremental encoder for feedback and includes an integrated 24 V DC holding brake. The shaft is configured without a shaft key, while the motor uses a right-angle DIN-style connector that can be rotated through 180 degrees to help with cable routing.
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA is therefore particularly suitable for automated machinery where the motor has to repeatedly accelerate, decelerate, stop, reposition and synchronize with other machine axes.
2. Basic Product Information
| Item |
Specification |
| Model |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Brand |
Allen-Bradley |
| Product Family |
MP-Series |
| Product Series |
MPL Low-Inertia Brushless Servo Motors |
| Product Type |
AC Rotary Servo Motor |
| Motor Construction |
Permanent-Magnet Brushless Servo Motor |
| Inertia Type |
Low Inertia |
| Voltage Class |
460 V / 480 V AC class |
| Rated Speed |
5000 rpm |
| Rated Output |
Approximately 2.2 kW |
| Continuous Stall Torque |
Approximately 6.55 N·m |
| Peak/Stall Torque |
Approximately 19.8 N·m |
| Feedback |
2000-line Incremental Encoder |
| Brake |
24 V DC Integrated Holding Brake |
| Frame Size |
115 mm / 4.53 in |
| Magnetic Stack Length |
76.2 mm / 3.0 in |
| Shaft Configuration |
Keyless Shaft Extension |
| Shaft Seal |
No Shaft Seal |
| Connector |
SpeedTEC DIN Connector |
| Connector Configuration |
Right Angle |
| Connector Rotation |
180° Rotatable |
| Mounting |
IEC Metric |
| Mounting Hole Configuration |
Free Mounting Holes / Type FF |
| Approx. Weight |
Approximately 8.2 kg for the catalog configuration; some commercial listings give lower net-product values, so the actual nameplate/catalog revision should be checked |
| Dimensions |
115 mm frame size; 76.2 mm magnetic-stack length |
| Overall Housing Dimensions |
Should be confirmed from the mechanical drawing for the exact revision |
| Brake Voltage |
24 V DC |
| Feedback Type |
Incremental |
| Intended Application |
Industrial closed-loop motion control |
3. Detailed Technical Specifications
| Technical Parameter |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Model |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Motor Type |
Brushless AC Servo |
| Motor Family |
MPL |
| Performance Class |
Low-Inertia |
| Voltage |
460/480 V AC class |
| Rated Speed |
5000 rpm |
| Rated Power |
Approx. 2.2 kW |
| Continuous Stall Torque |
Approx. 6.55 N·m |
| Peak Torque |
Approx. 19.8 N·m |
| Feedback Resolution |
2000-line incremental encoder |
| Brake |
24 V DC |
| Frame Size |
115 mm |
| Frame Size |
4.53 in |
| Magnetic Stack Length |
76.2 mm |
| Magnetic Stack Length |
3.0 in |
| Shaft |
Keyless |
| Shaft Seal |
None |
| Connector |
SpeedTEC DIN |
| Connector Direction |
Right-angle |
| Connector Adjustment |
180° rotatable |
| Mounting |
IEC Metric |
| Housing Configuration |
Industrial servo motor construction |
| Approx. Weight |
Approx. 8.2 kg catalog value |
| Dimensional Reference |
115 mm frame × 76.2 mm magnetic stack |
| Feedback |
Incremental Encoder |
| Brake Function |
Holding / parking function |
| Motor Application |
Precision industrial motion control |
The combination of 6.55 N·m continuous stall torque, approximately 19.8 N·m peak torque, and 5000 rpm gives this motor a useful balance between speed and dynamic torque capability.
4. Product Series
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA belongs to the MPL series of low-inertia brushless servo motors within the broader MP-Series family.
The MPL series is intended for applications where the motor must respond rapidly to changing motion commands.
A low-inertia rotor is particularly valuable when a machine frequently changes speed. Compared with a high-inertia motor, less rotational energy is stored in the rotor, which can make acceleration and deceleration more responsive when the motor is correctly matched to the load.
This makes MPL motors particularly appropriate for machinery involving:
- Rapid indexing
- Repeated positioning
- Start/stop motion
- High-speed rotary motion
- Electronic gearing
- Electronic camming
- Multi-axis synchronization
- Automated production cycles
- Precision material handling
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA represents a relatively high-capacity motor within the B430P performance class, offering substantially more torque than the smaller B310P, B320P and B330P classes.
5. Product Model Explanation
The model number is:
MPL-B430P-HK74AA
The individual characters are associated with the motor family and configuration.
| Model Section |
General Identification |
| MPL |
MPL low-inertia servo motor family |
| B |
Motor voltage/performance configuration |
| 430 |
B430 frame/performance designation |
| P |
High-speed performance class |
| H |
Incremental encoder configuration |
| K |
Keyless shaft / associated mechanical configuration |
| 74 |
Brake and connector configuration |
| AA |
Product configuration designation |
The complete model number should always be used when replacing an existing motor because motors with similar-looking model numbers can have different feedback systems, brake configurations, shaft arrangements or connector configurations.
6. Feedback System
One of the important features of the MPL-B430P-HK74AA is its 2000-line incremental encoder.
The encoder provides feedback information to the servo drive.
During operation, the drive can compare the commanded movement with the actual motor movement. This makes it possible to control:
- Motor speed
- Motor position
- Acceleration
- Deceleration
- Direction
- Position error
- Synchronized motion
For example, in an indexing machine, the controller can command the motor to move to a particular position. The encoder provides feedback as the motor moves, allowing the servo system to determine when the commanded position has been reached.
This closed-loop operation is one of the fundamental differences between a servo motor and a basic motor used for simple continuous rotation.
7. Integrated Brake
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA includes a 24 V DC brake.
The brake is primarily useful for holding the shaft when the servo motor is not actively producing torque.
This can be beneficial in equipment such as:
- Vertical positioning mechanisms
- Lifting mechanisms
- Automated positioning systems
- Vertical slides
- Indexing equipment
- Machines where the shaft needs to remain stationary during power-off conditions
The brake should be properly sized for the actual load.
It should also not automatically be considered a substitute for a separate safety-rated mechanical braking system when the application involves personnel protection or other safety-critical requirements.
8. Mechanical Configuration
The motor uses a 115 mm frame size and a 76.2 mm magnetic stack.
The 115 mm frame corresponds to approximately 4.53 inches, while the magnetic stack is approximately 3.0 inches.
The motor uses an IEC metric mounting configuration, which makes it suitable for industrial machinery designed around metric mounting dimensions.
The shaft is a keyless shaft extension.
This is an important point when replacing an existing motor. A motor with the same electrical rating but a keyed shaft is not necessarily a direct mechanical replacement.
The connector is a right-angle DIN-style connector, and the connector arrangement can be rotated through approximately 180 degrees. This can make installation easier where the motor is mounted close to machine frames or other components.
9. Dimensions and Weight
Because servo-motor mechanical dimensions can depend on the exact revision and mounting configuration, the most reliable dimensional references for this model are the frame and magnetic-stack dimensions.
| Mechanical Specification |
Value |
| Model |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Frame Size |
115 mm |
| Frame Size in Inches |
4.53 in |
| Magnetic Stack |
76.2 mm |
| Magnetic Stack in Inches |
3.0 in |
| Mounting Standard |
IEC Metric |
| Shaft Type |
Keyless |
| Shaft Seal |
None |
| Connector |
Right-angle DIN |
| Connector Rotation |
180° |
| Approx. Catalog Weight |
8.2 kg |
| Approx. Net Weight Found in Some Listings |
3.26 kg |
| Recommended Design Weight |
Use the exact motor revision/nameplate value |
| Overall Length |
Verify with mechanical drawing |
| Overall Width |
Determined by frame/housing configuration |
| Overall Height |
Determined by frame/housing configuration |
There is a notable difference between weight figures found in commercial product records. For engineering, shipping, mounting-structure and machine-design calculations, 8.2 kg should be treated as the safer catalog-level reference unless the physical motor or its exact documentation confirms another value.
10. Product Applications
Packaging Machinery
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA is well suited to packaging equipment requiring fast and repeatable motion.
Packaging machines frequently perform a sequence such as:
Accelerate → Position → Stop → Process → Reverse or Return → Repeat
A low-inertia servo motor is well suited to this type of operating cycle.
Typical applications include:
- Packaging indexing
- Film feeding
- Sealing mechanisms
- Cutting mechanisms
- Product positioning
- Conveyor synchronization
- Rotary indexing
Printing Equipment
Printing machinery often requires precise synchronization between multiple rotating components.
The servo motor can be used where controlled speed and position are important.
Applications may include:
- Paper feeding
- Roller synchronization
- Registration mechanisms
- Cutting units
- Label handling
- Web-control systems
Automated Assembly Equipment
Assembly machines often require repeated movements with consistent positioning.
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA can be used in:
- Rotary assembly stations
- Component positioning
- Automated feeders
- Pick-and-place mechanisms
- Screw-driving equipment
- Inspection stations
- Product indexing systems
Material Handling Equipment
Material-handling systems can use servo motors when ordinary continuous conveyor movement is not sufficient.
The motor can control precise movement of:
- Conveyors
- Rollers
- Indexing tables
- Transfer systems
- Positioning mechanisms
- Automated handling units
Machine Tools
Servo motors are commonly used in machine-tool motion systems where controlled speed and positioning are important.
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA can be considered for suitable auxiliary or positioning mechanisms, depending on the required torque, speed, acceleration and mechanical transmission.
Electronics Manufacturing
Automated electronics manufacturing equipment often requires rapid and repeatable positioning.
Typical examples include:
- Component handling
- Inspection equipment
- Feeding mechanisms
- Precision indexing
- Automated assembly
- Product transfer
11. Main Product Advantages
11.1 Low-Inertia Rotor
The low-inertia design is one of the most important characteristics of the MPL series.
A low-inertia motor can respond quickly to changes in speed when correctly matched to the mechanical load.
This can improve:
- Acceleration response
- Deceleration response
- Cycle time
- Positioning performance
- Reversal response
- High-frequency indexing
11.2 High 5000 rpm Speed
The 5000 rpm rating makes the motor appropriate for high-speed applications.
This can be particularly useful where the machine needs rapid movement without requiring an unnecessarily large motor.
High speed can also be beneficial when the motor is connected to a mechanical transmission system.
11.3 Strong Torque Capability
The approximately 6.55 N·m continuous stall torque provides substantial continuous torque capability for its frame class.
The approximately 19.8 N·m peak torque gives the motor additional short-term capability for acceleration and transient loads.
This combination is useful for machines where the motor must repeatedly accelerate a load rather than simply maintain constant speed.
11.4 Encoder Feedback
The integrated 2000-line incremental encoder enables closed-loop control.
This provides a significant advantage for applications requiring:
- Accurate positioning
- Repeatability
- Speed regulation
- Motion synchronization
- Position correction
- Multi-axis coordination
11.5 Integrated Brake
The 24 V DC brake simplifies applications where holding is required.
Instead of designing a completely separate holding mechanism into every application, the motor provides an integrated brake option.
11.6 Compact Industrial Construction
The 115 mm frame and relatively compact magnetic stack provide a useful combination of motor output and physical size.
This can be advantageous where machine space is limited.
11.7 Flexible Connector Arrangement
The right-angle connector and 180° rotation capability can simplify cable routing.
This becomes particularly useful in machines where the motor is mounted close to:
- Machine frames
- Covers
- Gearboxes
- Adjacent motors
- Cable trays
12. Five Related Models from the Same MPL Series
The following models are useful comparisons within the same general MPL family. Exact mechanical interchangeability should not be assumed simply because two motors have similar model numbers.
| Model |
Series |
Rated Speed |
Continuous Torque |
Peak Torque |
Rated Power |
Feedback |
Brake |
Approx. Weight |
Dimensions / Frame |
| MPL-B310P |
MPL |
5000 rpm |
Approx. 1.58 N·m |
Approx. 3.61 N·m |
Approx. 0.77 kW |
Incremental encoder |
Configuration dependent |
Approx. 2.7 kg |
Smaller frame class |
| MPL-B320P |
MPL |
5000 rpm |
Approx. 3.05 N·m |
Approx. 7.91 N·m |
Approx. 1.5 kW |
Incremental encoder |
Configuration dependent |
Approx. 3.7 kg |
Smaller frame class |
| MPL-B330P-HK74AA |
MPL |
5000 rpm |
Approx. 4.18 N·m |
Approx. 11.1 N·m |
Approx. 1.8 kW |
2000-line encoder |
24 V DC |
Approx. 6.0 kg |
Approx. 100 mm class |
| MPL-B420P-HK74AA |
MPL |
5000 rpm |
Approx. 4.74 N·m |
Approx. 13.5 N·m |
Approx. 1.9 kW |
Incremental encoder |
24 V DC |
Approx. 4.3 kg |
Approx. 100/115 mm class |
| MPL-B430P-MJ74AA |
MPL |
5000 rpm |
Approx. 6.55 N·m |
Approx. 19.8 N·m |
Approx. 2.2 kW |
Multi-turn high-resolution feedback |
24 V DC |
Configuration dependent |
115 mm frame / 76.2 mm stack |
MPL-B310P
The B310P is a smaller-capacity option. It is suitable where the required torque and acceleration are significantly below the B430P level.
It can be a good choice for compact automation equipment where minimizing motor size is more important than obtaining maximum torque.
MPL-B320P
The B320P provides a step up in torque and power while retaining the high-speed characteristics associated with the MPL family.
It can be considered for medium-sized positioning and indexing systems.
MPL-B330P-HK74AA
The B330P is an intermediate solution between smaller MPL motors and the B420P/B430P classes.
It can be useful for general industrial automation where approximately 4 N·m of continuous stall torque is sufficient.
MPL-B420P-HK74AA
The B420P offers higher torque than the B330P while remaining below the B430P in overall performance.
It is a useful alternative when the B430P’s additional torque capacity is not required.
MPL-B430P-MJ74AA
This model is particularly relevant when the machine needs a B430P-class motor but requires a different feedback configuration.
It should not be treated as electrically identical to the HK74AA version simply because both are B430P models.
13. Five Popular Models Under the Same Brand
For a broader product comparison, the following models represent useful options within the same industrial motion-control portfolio.
| Model |
Product Type |
Rated Speed |
Continuous Torque |
Peak Torque |
Rated Power |
Feedback |
Brake |
Approx. Weight |
Dimensions / Frame |
| MPL-B310P |
Low-Inertia Servo Motor |
5000 rpm |
1.58 N·m |
3.61 N·m |
0.77 kW |
Incremental |
Configuration dependent |
≈2.7 kg |
Smaller frame |
| MPL-B320P |
Low-Inertia Servo Motor |
5000 rpm |
3.05 N·m |
7.91 N·m |
1.5 kW |
Incremental |
Configuration dependent |
≈3.7 kg |
Smaller frame |
| MPL-B330P-HK74AA |
Low-Inertia Servo Motor |
5000 rpm |
4.18 N·m |
11.1 N·m |
1.8 kW |
2000-line encoder |
24 V DC |
≈6.0 kg |
Approx. 100 mm class |
| MPL-B420P-HK74AA |
Low-Inertia Servo Motor |
5000 rpm |
4.74 N·m |
13.5 N·m |
1.9 kW |
Incremental |
24 V DC |
≈4.3 kg |
Approx. 100/115 mm class |
| MPL-B430P-MJ74AA |
Low-Inertia Servo Motor |
5000 rpm |
6.55 N·m |
19.8 N·m |
2.2 kW |
Multi-turn high-resolution |
24 V DC |
Configuration dependent |
115 mm / 76.2 mm stack |
The five models above provide a useful range from relatively compact servo motors to higher-torque B430P-class motors.
For applications requiring the same general performance level as the MPL-B430P-HK74AA, the B430P variants are the closest comparison.
14. Performance Comparison
| Model |
Torque Level |
Speed |
Power Level |
Typical Position in a Servo System |
| MPL-B310P |
Low |
5000 rpm |
Low |
Compact/light-duty motion |
| MPL-B320P |
Low-Medium |
5000 rpm |
Medium |
Medium-duty positioning |
| MPL-B330P-HK74AA |
Medium |
5000 rpm |
Medium |
General automation |
| MPL-B420P-HK74AA |
Medium-High |
5000 rpm |
Medium-High |
Higher-load positioning |
| MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
High |
5000 rpm |
High |
High-performance motion |
| MPL-B430P-MJ74AA |
High |
5000 rpm |
High |
High-performance motion with different feedback |
15. Recommended Model by Application
| Application Requirement |
Recommended Model |
Main Reason |
| Compact positioning |
MPL-B310P |
Lower torque and smaller motor class |
| Medium-duty automation |
MPL-B320P |
Balanced size and torque |
| General indexing |
MPL-B330P-HK74AA |
Good intermediate performance |
| Higher-load positioning |
MPL-B420P-HK74AA |
Higher torque than B330P |
| High-speed/high-load indexing |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
6.55 N·m continuous torque and 5000 rpm |
| High acceleration |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
Higher peak torque capability |
| Brake-required application |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
Integrated 24 V DC brake |
| Different feedback requirement |
MPL-B430P-MJ74AA |
B430P-class motor with different feedback configuration |
16. Important Advantages in Actual Machine Design
The real value of this motor is not simply its 5000 rpm rating.
In a practical machine, the servo motor must repeatedly perform a motion profile.
For example:
0 rpm → acceleration → 3000 rpm → 5000 rpm → deceleration → 0 rpm → reverse → repeat
A low-inertia servo motor can be advantageous in this type of operation because the rotor itself does not impose as much inertia on the acceleration and deceleration process.
This is particularly important in high-cycle production machinery.
If the mechanical load is correctly matched to the motor, the system can achieve fast response without requiring unnecessarily long acceleration and deceleration periods.
17. Typical Servo System Structure
A typical installation can be understood as:
Motion Controller
↓
Servo Drive
↓
MPL-B430P-HK74AA
↓
Mechanical Transmission
↓
Machine Load
The encoder feedback returns motor movement information to the servo system.
This allows the controller and drive to maintain a closed-loop relationship between the commanded motion and actual motor motion.
For a positioning application, the basic sequence can be:
Command position → Motor accelerates → Encoder provides feedback → Drive corrects motion → Motor reaches target → Servo maintains position
This is why the MPL-B430P-HK74AA is much more appropriate for precision positioning than a conventional motor intended primarily for constant-speed operation.
18. Applications Where This Motor Is Particularly Suitable
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA is especially attractive for equipment involving:
- High-speed indexing
- Rotary positioning
- Packaging machines
- Printing equipment
- Automated assembly
- Material handling
- Conveyor indexing
- Pick-and-place systems
- Rotary tables
- Automated inspection equipment
- Product feeding
- High-cycle production machinery
- Electronic manufacturing equipment
- Precision machine mechanisms
- Multi-axis coordinated motion
19. Applications Requiring Additional Evaluation
The motor should be carefully evaluated before being used for:
- Very heavy continuous loads
- Extremely high reflected inertia
- Long-duration maximum-torque operation
- Severe environmental conditions
- Applications requiring special shaft sealing
- Safety-critical vertical loads
- Applications requiring absolute position retention after power loss
- Applications with unusual vibration or shock conditions
In these cases, the complete motor-drive-load combination needs to be evaluated rather than selecting the motor based only on its nominal torque.
20. Key Selection Factors
When selecting the MPL-B430P-HK74AA or a replacement, the following parameters should be checked together.
| Selection Factor |
Why It Matters |
| Motor Model |
Determines exact electrical and mechanical configuration |
| Voltage |
Must match the compatible drive system |
| Rated Speed |
Determines maximum normal operating speed |
| Continuous Torque |
Determines sustained load capability |
| Peak Torque |
Determines acceleration/transient capability |
| Load Inertia |
Critical for servo response |
| Encoder Type |
Must be compatible with the drive |
| Brake |
Important for holding applications |
| Shaft Type |
Must match the mechanical coupling |
| Shaft Seal |
Important for environmental protection |
| Connector |
Must match the motor cable/system |
| Frame Size |
Determines mounting compatibility |
| Magnetic Stack |
Influences motor torque capability |
| Weight |
Important for machine structure and handling |
| Mounting Standard |
Must match the machine |
| Duty Cycle |
Determines thermal performance |
| Ambient Conditions |
Affect reliability and service life |
21. Overall Product Assessment
The MPL-B430P-HK74AA is a high-performance, low-inertia servo motor intended for industrial motion-control applications where speed, torque response and positioning performance are important.
Its strongest characteristics are the combination of:
5000 rpm speed
Approximately 2.2 kW output class
Approximately 6.55 N·m continuous stall torque
Approximately 19.8 N·m peak torque
2000-line incremental encoder
24 V DC integrated brake
115 mm frame
76.2 mm magnetic stack
Keyless shaft
Right-angle rotatable connector
IEC metric mounting
This combination makes it a strong candidate for high-cycle automated machinery, indexing equipment and precision positioning systems.
The motor is particularly attractive when a machine needs to change speed rapidly and repeatedly. The low-inertia construction helps the servo system respond quickly, while encoder feedback provides the information necessary for closed-loop control.
For a replacement project, however, the complete model number should always be matched rather than selecting a motor based only on the B430P designation. Feedback, brake, shaft, connector and mounting configurations can differ between closely related models.
22. Quick Reference Table
| Item |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Model |
MPL-B430P-HK74AA |
| Brand |
Allen-Bradley |
| Product Family |
MP-Series |
| Product Series |
MPL |
| Motor Type |
Low-Inertia Brushless AC Servo |
| Voltage Class |
460/480 V AC |
| Rated Speed |
5000 rpm |
| Rated Power |
Approx. 2.2 kW |
| Continuous Stall Torque |
Approx. 6.55 N·m |
| Peak Torque |
Approx. 19.8 N·m |
| Feedback |
2000-line Incremental Encoder |
| Brake |
24 V DC |
| Frame |
115 mm / 4.53 in |
| Magnetic Stack |
76.2 mm / 3.0 in |
| Shaft |
Keyless |
| Shaft Seal |
None |
| Connector |
Right-angle DIN |
| Connector Rotation |
180° |
| Mounting |
IEC Metric |
| Approx. Catalog Weight |
8.2 kg |
| Typical Application |
Industrial motion control |
| Main Advantage |
High-speed, low-inertia dynamic motion |
| Suitable Equipment |
Packaging, indexing, assembly, material handling, printing and positioning machinery |
23. Final Recommendation
If the objective is to find a directly related alternative to the MPL-B430P-HK74AA, the first models I would compare are:
- MPL-B430P-SK74AA — closest replacement direction within the B430P class.
- MPL-B430P-MJ74AA — useful when a different high-resolution feedback configuration is required.
- MPL-B430P-HJ74AA — related B430P configuration with a different feedback/option arrangement.
- MPL-B420P-HK74AA — lower-capacity alternative for applications that do not require the full B430P torque level.
- MPL-B330P-HK74AA — smaller and lower-power alternative for lighter machine loads.
For a new selection, the most important step is not simply choosing the model with the largest torque. The correct choice should be based on load inertia + required acceleration + continuous torque + peak torque + speed + feedback + brake + mechanical mounting.
For an existing machine, the safest approach is to match the complete model number and motor configuration, especially the encoder, brake, shaft and connector arrangement.